Adam's just finished his exams and is somewhat drained - so it's just the one topic this time from Dan, talking about the history of mobile internet, how 5G works, and what it could allow us to do. Thankfully, Adam can shed some light on the physics of it!

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks), and now Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/sparksquarks/?hl=en)

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Dan's sources:

https://blog.vodafone.co.uk/2013/01/21/a-brief-history-of-mobile-data/

https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/information/cellular-networks-and-technology

https://www.lifewire.com/1g-vs-2g-vs-2-5g-vs-3g-vs-4g-578681

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards

https://5g.co.uk/guides/small-cells-hetnets-5g/

http://www.emfexplained.info/?ID=25916

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

After a horrendously long delay (sorry, Dan had audio issues) - we're back! I have a strange sense of déjà vu.

This episode, Adam is talking about quantum nano-switches that could be used to miniaturise technology, and Dan is talking about how the SABRE rocket engine works.

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks), and now Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/sparksquarks/?hl=en)

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Adam's sources

https://phys.org/news/2019-04-atomic-plasmonic-metallic-contact.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonic_nanoparticles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_junction

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.6b05676

Dan's sources:

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/jetengine.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://web.archive.org/web/20110725042437/http://www.reactionengines.co.uk/downloads/Heat%20exchanger%20development%20at%20REL%20IAC%2008%20C4.5.2.pdf

https://www.reactionengines.co.uk/sabre

http://das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap06/condensation.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABRE_(rocket_engine)

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

Our first episode of 2019! We're sorry we took a while, Dan had health issues and Adam was doing exams. But we're back! This episode, Dan's talking about a new type of battery that uses CO2 to produce energy, whilst Adam is talking about a newly discovered hearing mechanism that could create new hearing-aid technology.

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks), and now Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/sparksquarks/?hl=en)

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Dan's sources:

Article: https://www.theengineer.co.uk/fuel-cell-based-system-co2/

Paper: https://www.accessscience.com/content/superionic-conductivity/801340

Additional paper info: https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S258900421830186X-mmc1.pdf

Superionic conductivity: https://www.accessscience.com/content/superionic-conductivity/801340

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Adam's sources

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.028101

https://phys.org/news/2019-01-mechanism-ear-exquisite-sensitivity.html

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2007-10-mit-mechanism.html#nRlv

UPDATES FROM LAST EPISODE: New double-slit experiment using X-ray scattering:

https://phys.org/news/2019-01-classic-double-slit.html

AI to create most accurate black hole merger simulation ever:

https://phys.org/news/2019-01-physicists-supercomputers-ai-accurate-black.html

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

Our last episode of the year! Thanks so much for joining us during 2018 - we bring you what we think is our best episode yet. Adam talks about quantum entanglement of photons, and Dan talks about a prototype electric jet, hopefully flying soon!

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks)

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Dan's sources:

https://lilium.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_Jet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_aircraft

https://www.arts.eu/journey-through-the-history-of-electric-aircraft

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_E-Fan

https://aroundtheworld.solarimpulse.com/adventure

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducted_fan

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Adam's sources

Main Notes: https://phys.org/news/2018-12-quantum-entanglement-proteins.html

Styropyro: https://www.youtube.com/user/styropyro

Simon Raman Spectroscopy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sv1WHgVTrs&t=324s

Young’s Double slit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-MNSLsjjdo

Entanglement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tafGL02EUOA

DCQE Diagram: https://imgur.com/a/JtVkJI6

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

We're back! We're sorry it's been so long - university and moving abroad have stopped us from recording. However, we're now here, and Dan talks about mushrooms that generate electricity, whilst Adam talk about a massive change in a physical definition (pun intended).

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks)

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Dan's sources:

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a24852429/bionic-mushrooms-electricity/

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2018/11/07/bionic-mushroom-turns-light-into-electricity/

https://www.stevens.edu/news/bionic-mushrooms-fuse-nanotech-bacteria-and-fungi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0f6/26ac1656b606f0cd3aa31318ec68d511c7aa.pdf

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Adam's sources

https://phys.org/news/2018-11-kilogram-redefined-physicist.html

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/its-a-massive-change-scientists-redefine-the-kilogram

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

We're back! After a hiatus, we return with Episode 4. This week, we're learning about a new method for creating RAM, as well as energy storage from bacteria. 

If you have any questions, queries or complaints contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com. Also find us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sparksquarks/) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/SparksQuarks)

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Adams sources:

https://phys.org/news/2018-08-sub-nm-memory-device-nanofabrication.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanolithography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-transfer_torque

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoresistive_random-access_memory

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/different-types-ram-random-access-memory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_cell_(computing)#Storage

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Dans sources

https://www.theengineer.co.uk/biobattery-bacteria-iot-sensors/

https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/175137-sugar-powered-biobattery-has-10-times-the-energy-storage-of-lithium-your-smartphone-might-soon-run-on-enzymes

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-lithium-ion-batteries-work.html

https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/blood-battery1.htm

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

Episode 3 is here! This week we're talking all about how global positioning systems work, as well as delving into some of the interesting new quantum mechanical advancements in silver nanostructures! 

If you have any questions, queries or complaints (or even artwork submissions) contact us at sparksquarks@gmail.com.

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Please be aware that Dan is away from home and so there were a few audio issues with this one, bare with us, we should be back to top quality next time!

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Simple explanation of GPS: http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=55

Explanation of differential GPS and Sattalite Based Augmentation Systems: https://racelogic.support/01VBOX_Automotive/01General_Information/Knowledge_Base/How_does_DGPS_(Differential_GPS)_work%3F

Explanation of RTK GPS: https://racelogic.support/01VBOX_Automotive/01General_Information/Knowledge_Base/How_does_RTK_(Real_Time_Kinetic)_Work%3F

Dan will update this with a link to his dissertation if he's allowed to upload it!

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Nanocrystal light emission: https://phys.org/news/2018-07-nanocrystals-emit-efficiently-tunneling-electrons.html

Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 

We're back! This week, we're talking about advances in Artificial Intelligence for playing games and the science of chocolate printers. In addition, Dan loves musicals, and Adam is good with his hands.

As ever, comments and suggestions to SparksQuarks@gmail.com.

Logo this week from Krys from the To Do Discord channel. ********************************************************************* DeepMind article: https://deepmind.com/blog/capture-the-flag/ Technical report on AI playing games: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.01281 Video on the same subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dltN4MxV1RI&feature=youtu.be 3Blue1Brown video on Neural Networks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk&feature=youtu.be ********************************************************************* History of ChocEdge (company founded out of Exeter Uni research): http://chocedge.com/news/27/68/2007-2017-10-years-of-3D-chocolate-printing/d,ChocNews_Main.html Cocoa butter crystalline form infographic: http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/04/19/the-polymorphs-of-chocolate/ Chocolate tempering graph: https://plot.ly/~cbplots/0/temperature-vs-time-melting-and-tempering-chocolate.embed Information on tempering chocolate: http://acselementsofchocolate.typepad.com/elements_of_chocolate/TEMPERINGCHOCOLATE.html

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Credits:

"Electrodoodle" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

"Samba Stings" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/