
The Half-life of Facts
Why Everything We Know Has an Expiration Date
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Narrated by:
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Sean Pratt
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By:
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Samuel Arbesman
About this listen
New insights from the science of science....
Facts change all the time. Smoking has gone from doctor recommended to deadly. We used to think the Earth was the center of the universe and that Pluto was a planet. For decades, we were convinced that the brontosaurus was a real dinosaur. In short, what we know about the world is constantly changing. But it turns out there’s an order to the state of knowledge, an explanation for how we know what we know.
Samuel Arbesman is an expert in the field of scientometrics - literally the science of science. Knowledge in most fields evolves systematically and predictably, and this evolution unfolds in a fascinating way that can have a powerful impact on our lives. Doctors with a rough idea of when their knowledge is likely to expire can be better equipped to keep up with the latest research. Companies and governments that understand how long new discoveries take to develop can improve decisions about allocating resources. And by tracing how and when language changes, each of us can better bridge generational gaps in slang and dialect. Just as we know that a chunk of uranium can break down in a measurable amount of time - a radioactive half-life - so too any given field’s change in knowledge can be measured concretely.
We can know when facts in aggregate are obsolete, the rate at which new facts are created, and even how facts spread.
Arbesman takes us through a wide variety of fields, including those that change quickly, over the course of a few years, or over the span of centuries. He shows that much of what we know consists of “mesofacts” - facts that change at a middle timescale, often over a single human lifetime. Throughout, he offers intriguing examples about the face of knowledge: what English majors can learn from a statistical analysis of The Canterbury Tales, why it’s so hard to measure a mountain, and why so many parents still tell kids to eat their spinach because it’s rich in iron. The Half-life of Facts is a riveting journey into the counterintuitive fabric of knowledge. It can help us find new ways to measure the world while accepting the limits of how much we can know with certainty.
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Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show in this book, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past 30 years.
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Narrator is robotic
- By dugmartssch on 05-22-20
By: Matthew C. Klein, and others
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Surfaces and Essences
- Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking
- By: Douglas Hofstadter, Emmanuel Sander
- Narrated by: Sean Pratt
- Length: 33 hrs and 53 mins
- Unabridged
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Analogy is the core of all thinking. This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize-winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over 30 years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition.
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An analogy to describe this 33-hour book
- By George C. on 11-08-19
By: Douglas Hofstadter, and others
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How Propaganda Works
- By: Jason Stanley
- Narrated by: Tom Parks
- Length: 12 hrs and 49 mins
- Unabridged
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In How Propaganda Works, Jason Stanley demonstrates that more attention needs to be paid. He examines how propaganda operates subtly, how it undermines democracy - particularly the ideals of democratic deliberation and equality - and how it has damaged democracies of the past.
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Categories: Politics & Social Sciences, Philosophy
- By Amazon Customer on 04-18-21
By: Jason Stanley
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A Decent Life
- Morality for the Rest of Us
- By: Todd May
- Narrated by: Keith Sellon-Wright
- Length: 6 hrs and 16 mins
- Unabridged
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In A Decent Life, May leads listeners through the traditional philosophical bases of a number of arguments about what ethics asks of us, then he develops a more reasonable and achievable way of thinking about them, one that shows us how we can use philosophical insights to participate in the complicated world around us. He explores how we should approach the many relationships in our lives - with friends, family, animals, people in need - through the use of a more forgiving, if no less fundamentally serious, moral compass.
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Simple and Inspirational
- By Anonymous User on 07-26-20
By: Todd May
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The Human Condition (Second Edition)
- By: Hannah Arendt
- Narrated by: Elizabeth Wiley
- Length: 15 hrs and 42 mins
- Unabridged
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A work of striking originality, The Human Condition is in many respects more relevant now than when it first appeared in 1958. In her study of the state of modern humanity, Hannah Arendt considers humankind from the perspective of the actions of which it is capable. The problems Arendt identified then - diminishing human agency and political freedom, the paradox that as human powers increase through technological and humanistic inquiry, we are less equipped to control the consequences of our actions - continue to confront us today.
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Not translating quotes, seriously?
- By Anna on 09-14-21
By: Hannah Arendt
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Upheaval
- Turning Points for Nations in Crisis
- By: Jared Diamond
- Narrated by: Henry Strozier
- Length: 18 hrs and 44 mins
- Unabridged
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In his earlier best sellers Guns, Germs and Steel and Collapse, Jared Diamond transformed our understanding of what makes civilizations rise and fall. Now, in the final audiobook in this monumental trilogy, he reveals how successful nations recover from crisis through selective change - a coping mechanism more commonly associated with personal trauma.
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The Urine of the Earth in a Teacup
- By Marian on 05-12-19
By: Jared Diamond
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Napoleon's Hemorrhoids…And Other Small Events That Changed History
- By: Phil Mason
- Narrated by: LJ Ganser
- Length: 8 hrs and 13 mins
- Unabridged
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Hilarious, fascinating, and a roller coaster of dizzying, historical what-ifs, Napoleon's Hemorrhoids is a potpourri for serious historians and casual history buffs. In one of Phil Mason's many revelations, you'll learn that Communist jets were two minutes away from opening fire on American planes during the Cuban missile crisis, when they had to turn back as they were running out of fuel. You'll discover that before the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's painful hemorrhoids prevented him from mounting his horse to survey the battlefield.
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They just throw the facts too fast
- By Concerned_llama on 12-11-20
By: Phil Mason
What listeners say about The Half-life of Facts
Average customer ratingsReviews - Please select the tabs below to change the source of reviews.
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- M. R. Harrah
- 11-18-12
Misleading title
Is there anything you would change about this book?
I would have liked it to include more incidents and information about how things we take to be facts cease being so. The book was far more about the accretion of new facts and how we can predict that than it was about the retirement of old facts that are no longer considered true. Of the discussion that there was about facts going away, it was more about facts that were not actually proven to be errors...they tended to just become obsolete and irrelevant but still basically true.
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2 people found this helpful
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- Nashville spokes
- 03-05-13
Ground breaking knowledge
If you could sum up The Half-life of Facts in three words, what would they be?
The acquired perspective gained by understanding the fluid change of knowledge, that is the idea that facts have a life, is intimidating at first. By understanding how information changes the knowledge of facts, we can overcome our feelings of inadequacy when we do not think we know enough about a situation.
Knowledge changes and more importantly, not everyone is comfortable with that constantly changing landscape. This means that the marketplace is constantly changing because we can never have all the answers.
How liberating to know that decisions are made on known facts which are assumed to be true temporally!
I admired the painstakingly presented examples and the perspective of science, medicine and business.
I recommend this book highly.
What did you like best about this story?
The connection of the author to his father the scientist is powerfull.
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- Andy
- 12-23-12
it was true, once
Fascinating story of how what is true today will likely not be true tomorrow. Filled with real life examples of how this has been the case in the past and how it can even be predicted in the future.
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2 people found this helpful
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- Gary
- 02-14-13
Our understanding changes with our set of facts
Easy to follow book on the changing nature of facts and how they help make our current foundation for science. He illustrates his points by many great vignettes such as why even today spinach is falsely believed to contain a lot of iron. That story alone makes the book worth a listen.
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4 people found this helpful
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- Erin Redmond
- 04-12-25
keep reading forever
the only way to avoid being left behind by reality, is to keep learning every day
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- idin
- 08-15-16
The voice changes are annoying
Sean Pratt's performance and voice are great but there are many abrupt changes in narration as if new material has been injected and has been edited very poorly.
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- V. F. Golubic
- 09-29-16
The Changing World of Facts & Analytics
Great book. Highly recommended. Thoroughly enjoyed reading the various examples presented by the Author on how facts change through history.
Nothing is constant and what we consider true today will be supplanted tomorrow. I also enjoyed the journey through data analytics and how new discoveries can be found in data sets in ways not anticipated.
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- kelly
- 06-01-22
Ok
I just listened to a 10 year old book about how facts are constantly changing
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- Benjamin Pelletier
- 10-29-22
Not quite what I'd hoped
I heard about this book from Annie Duke's excellent "Thinking in Bets" and hoped it would be something along the lines of the practical philosophy of knowledge (what is the meaning of "knowing things" when the "facts" we know actually have half-lives and will often decay). Instead, the book felt heavily focused on facts about numeric data related to technology and measurements, and those are the kinds of facts I'm least interested in. I'd expect the facts "My wallet is in the bedroom" and "when hydrogen and oxygen are heated enough, they combine to form water" to be very different kinds of facts. The first one is an utter banality -- that it becomes "false" at some point is trivial and uninteresting since I expect my wallet to move around from time to time. It would probably be interesting if "My wallet was in the bedroom at 12:35 on October 29, 2022" were false since that would indicate a belief that was false even at the time it happened, but I felt like the book mostly cared about looking at the rate of decay of the clearly-temporal kind of fact, and that kind of fact decay isn't particularly interesting to me. The number of transistors we are currently capable of putting on microchips (Moore's Law) feels more like a "wallet" fact than an "invariant truth" fact, and the book focuses heavily on Moore's Law and similar trends.
I feel like the other kind of fact is a distinct category because I don't expect it to change. When it does change, it forces me to reexamine my beliefs in a way that the fact about my wallet's current location changing doesn't. There are a few interesting discussions along these lines in the book -- especially the magnetic permeability of iron. But, it doesn't seem like this is recognized as a different category, nor does the surprising idea that this is *not* a separate category seem to be discussed.
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- Marsha L. Woerner
- 09-23-20
Don't forget the appropriate time frame
(As posted in GoodReads)
What a lot of concepts covered! Facts are gathered at all kinds of different speeds; they could be important on a secondly or a millennial basis, and how often they are gathered often relates to how long they persist. But it's generally important to know how current particular fact is, and how long it's likely to be important.
He goes into "Moore's law": the doubling of technology available per unit of space each year, and how likely it is that said "law" is likely to hold, and when and HOW it's likely to become outdated and discarded.
As an instance, the fact of the usefulness and extent of technology and the fact of the limits of our medical knowledge are constantly changing. And how much of that is necessary to actually know as opposed to know where to look it up is just another "fact" that's important.
The length of time that individual facts can be counted on is variable, depending on the context. But it seems that, for the most part, a "fact" has a limited life.
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