
Forgery and Counterforgery
The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics
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Narrated by:
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Noah Michael Levine
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By:
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Bart D. Ehrman
About this listen
"Arguably the most distinctive feature of the early Christian literature," writes Bart Ehrman, "is the degree to which it was forged." The Homilies and Recognitions of Clement; Paul's letters to and from Seneca; Gospels by Peter, Thomas, and Philip; Jesus' correspondence with Abgar, letters by Peter and Paul in the New Testament - all forgeries. To cite just a few examples.
Forgery and Counterforgery is the first comprehensive study of early Christian pseudepigrapha ever produced in English. In it, Ehrman argues that ancient critics - pagan, Jewish, and Christian - understood false authorial claims to be a form of literary deceit, and thus forgeries. Ehrman considers the extent of the phenomenon, the "intention" and motivations of ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish forgers, and reactions to their work once detected. He also assesses the criteria ancient critics applied to expose forgeries and the techniques forgers used to avoid detection.
With the wider practices of the ancient world as backdrop, Ehrman then focuses on early Christian polemics, as various Christian authors forged documents in order to lend their ideas a veneer of authority in literary battles waged with pagans, Jews, and, most importantly, with one another in internecine disputes over doctrine and practice. In some instances a forger directed his work against views found in another forgery, creating thereby a "counter-forgery." Ehrman's evaluation of polemical forgeries starts with those of the New Testament (nearly half of whose books make a false authorial claim) up through the Pseudo-Ignatian epistles and the Apostolic Constitutions at the end of the fourth century.
Shining light on an important but overlooked feature of the early Christian world, Forgery and Counterforgery explores the possible motivations of the deceivers who produced these writings, situating their practice within ancient Christian discourses on lying and deceit.
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Not Another One!
- By David on 04-12-07
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Lost Scriptures
- Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: James Clement
- Length: 18 hrs and 43 mins
- Unabridged
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While most people think that the 27 books of the New Testament are the only sacred writings of the early Christians, this is not at all the case. A companion volume to Bart Ehrman's Lost Christianities, this book offers an anthology of up-to-date and easy-listening translations of many noncanonical writings from the first centuries after Christ - texts that have been for the most part lost or neglected for almost two millennia.
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Great book destroyed by horrific narration.
- By Stephen P Bielski on 05-31-21
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Journeys to Heaven and Hell
- Tours of the Afterlife in the Early Christian Tradition
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: John Tefler
- Length: 11 hrs and 6 mins
- Unabridged
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From classics such as the Odyssey and the Aeneid to fifth-century Christian apocrypha, narratives that described guided tours of the afterlife played a major role in shaping ancient notions of morality and ethics. In this new account, acclaimed author Bart Ehrman contextualizes early Christian narratives of heaven and hell within the broader intellectual and cultural worlds from which they emerged.
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New Hits Here. Not Repackaged Hits.
- By Adam on 06-19-22
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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How Jesus Became God
- The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: Walter Dixon
- Length: 10 hrs and 35 mins
- Unabridged
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In a book that took eight years to research and write, leading Bible scholar Bart D. Ehrman explores how an apocalyptic prophet from the backwaters of rural Galilee crucified for crimes against the state came to be thought of as equal with the one God Almighty Creator of all things. Ehrman sketches Jesus's transformation from a human prophet to the Son of God exalted to divine status at his resurrection. Only when some of Jesus's followers had visions of him after his death - alive again - did anyone come to think that he, the prophet from Galilee, had become God.
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Wishing for a bit more meat on the bones
- By Darwin8u on 04-09-14
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Heaven and Hell
- A History of the Afterlife
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: John Bedford Lloyd, Bart D. Ehrman - preface
- Length: 12 hrs and 24 mins
- Unabridged
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In this “eloquent understanding of how death is viewed through many spiritual traditions” (Publishers Weekly, starred review), Bart Ehrman recounts the long history of the afterlife, ranging from The Epic of Gilgamesh up to the writings of Augustine, focusing especially on the teachings of Jesus and his early followers. He discusses ancient guided tours of heaven and hell, in which a living person observes the sublime blessings of heaven for those who are saved and the horrifying torments of hell for those who are damned.
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It may not be what you expect
- By Library Bob on 05-25-20
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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God's Problem
- The Bible Fails to Answer Our Most Important Question - Why We Suffer
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: L. J. Ganzer
- Length: 10 hrs and 19 mins
- Unabridged
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In times of questioning and despair, people often quote the Bible to provide answers. Surprisingly, though, the Bible does not have one answer but many "answers" that often contradict one another.
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Despite "Suffer the little children"
- By Kaeli on 05-03-08
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: Bart D. Ehrman
- Length: 7 hrs and 3 mins
- Unabridged
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Dan Brown's immensely popular New York Times best-selling The Da Vinci Code is one of the most successful books of recent history. It has captivated millions the world over with its enthralling suspense and its provocative questions about the true nature of Jesus' life.
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A historian's approach to the Da Vinci code
- By John Mertus on 01-23-05
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene
- The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: Grover Gardner
- Length: 12 hrs and 36 mins
- Unabridged
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Bart Ehrman, author of the best sellers Misquoting Jesus and Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code, here takes listeners on another engaging tour of the early Christian church, illuminating the lives of three of Jesus' most intriguing followers: Simon Peter, Paul of Tarsus, and Mary Magdalene.
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A re-write of "Misquoting Jesus"
- By Miguel on 09-09-08
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Did Jesus Exist?
- The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: Walter Dixon
- Length: 11 hrs and 11 mins
- Unabridged
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Large numbers of atheists, humanists, and conspiracy theorists are raising one of the most pressing questions in the history of religion: "Did Jesus exist at all?" Was he invented out of whole cloth for nefarious purposes by those seeking to control the masses? Or was Jesus such a shadowy figure - far removed from any credible historical evidence - that he bears no meaningful resemblance to the person described in the Bible?
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Vintage Ehrman
- By Jacobus on 07-17-12
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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The New Testament
- By: Bart D. Ehrman, The Great Courses
- Narrated by: Bart D. Ehrman
- Length: 12 hrs and 27 mins
- Original Recording
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Whether taken as a book of faith or a cultural artifact, the New Testament is among the most significant writings the world has ever known, its web of meaning relied upon by virtually every major writer in the last 2,000 years. Yet the New Testament is not only one of Western civilization’s most believed books, but also one of its most widely disputed, often maligned, and least clearly understood, with a vast number of people unaware of how it was written and transmitted.
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If you want a balanced overview this is not it
- By Amazon Customer on 02-27-16
By: Bart D. Ehrman, and others
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Who Wrote the Bible?
- By: Richard Friedman
- Narrated by: Julian Smith, Richard Friedman
- Length: 9 hrs and 24 mins
- Unabridged
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For thousands of years, the prophet Moses was regarded as the sole author of the first five books of the Bible, known as the Pentateuch. According to tradition, Moses was divinely directed to write down foundational events in the history of the world: the creation of humans, the worldwide flood, the laws as they were handed down at Mt. Sinai, and the cycle of Israel’s enslavement and liberation from Egypt. However, these stories—and their frequent discrepancies—provoke questions.
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An Excellent Book that is Written and Narrated Exceptionally Well!
- By Crazgod on 09-09-22
By: Richard Friedman
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The Triumph of Christianity
- How a Forbidden Religion Swept the World
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: George Newbern, Bart D. Ehrman
- Length: 10 hrs and 18 mins
- Unabridged
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Christianity didn't have to become the dominant religion in the West. It easily could have remained a sect of Judaism fated to have the historical importance of the Sadducees or the Essenes. In The Triumph of Christianity, Bart Ehrman, a master explainer of Christian history, texts, and traditions, shows how a religion whose first believers were 20 or so illiterate day laborers in a remote part of the empire became the official religion of Rome, converting some 30 million people in just four centuries.
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Another Piece of the Jesus Puzzle
- By A Mom on 04-13-18
By: Bart D. Ehrman
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Jesus Before the Gospels
- How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior
- By: Bart D. Ehrman
- Narrated by: Joe Barrett
- Length: 10 hrs and 5 mins
- Unabridged
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Throughout much of human history, our most important stories were passed down orally - including the stories about Jesus before they became written down in the Gospels. In this fascinating and deeply researched work, leading Bible scholar Bart D. Erhman investigates the role oral history has played in the New Testament - how the telling of these stories not only spread Jesus' message but helped shape it.
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Insightful, but with limited depth
- By Jacobus on 05-28-16
By: Bart D. Ehrman
What listeners say about Forgery and Counterforgery
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- John F
- 04-03-23
Ver Poor reading
The Narrator not only mispronounces certain words but rushes the narration as if he is in a hurry. This is a very distracting approach and takes away from the content of the book.
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- Douglas
- 02-25-17
Hard Hitter
Very convincing. Very thorough as always.
Narrator is pretty weak. It takes a while to get past his inflection. He has some embarrassing pronunciation mistakes. Clearly does not know who Joseph of Arimathea is or Josephus.
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3 people found this helpful
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- Greg Camp
- 09-04-23
Wish the narrator were as good as the text
This is a book worth anyone's time who is interested in the diversity of Christian thought in the early centuries of the common era.
I wish that the narrator were up to the task. As things stand, there may be a language that he can pronounce correctly, but it is not to be found in this book.
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- Claire Weber
- 03-26-21
Enjoyable listen except for pronunciation issues
The performance is good except many of the names are mispronounced. The mispronunciations are frequent enough and extreme enough that it regularly interfered with my enjoyment of the book and occasionally interfered with comprehension. Such as the mispronunciation of the name of the prophet Elisha as "Alicia", though Elijah is pronounced correctly.
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- ALM
- 04-13-16
Interesting book, poorly narrated
Book interesting, but narration choppy with odd pronunciations ("Marcion" as "Martian" is funniest); be warned.
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4 people found this helpful
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- thutch9299
- 08-26-15
Very informative!
I really enjoyed the material. Thorough and balanced treatment of the material. Narrator had a very pleasant voice.
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1 person found this helpful
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- Sharon G
- 08-09-17
Needs to learn to pronounce big words
What made the experience of listening to Forgery and Counterforgery the most enjoyable?
It's an interesting read on early forgeries and the attitudes to them
What three words best describe Noah Michael Levine’s performance?
A scholarly work like this needs a reader who can actually correctly pronounce big words. It was jarring to hear something and to have to think about what word was meant. I thought maybe it was me until I went online to check the pronunciation of some. And even every day words could be wrong. Entrance from context meaning to bewitch was pronounced as if it meant entry way. Someone who reads professionally should know, even if they get the vowels wrong, that when a noun and a verb look alike, the stress will go on the first syllable for the noun and the second for the verb. His style wasn't bad but he was the wrong pick for this work.
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8 people found this helpful
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- Josh
- 07-13-16
Good content, poor reading
The readers cadence is odd, and his inflection flat. Worse, he mispronounces multiple words so poorly that it took multiple times hearing them before I realized what he was saying (example, his pronunciation of 'Thessalonians' is atrocious).
The readers performance seriously damages my enjoyment of this work.
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5 people found this helpful
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- Ross Elder
- 07-02-20
Exhaustive in its detail and research
After spending years just reading highlights regarding the sometimes forged writings of the early Christian era, I decided to delve into this actual study of the subject. If this is a topic that interests you, the depth of the detail and research will definitely satisfy your need for "the whole story."
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- Kindle Customer
- 08-28-21
Comments from a reader
The historical information presented in this book is of high quality. However, the book is some what not well written. You will learn about forgery in the Bible and how the ancient world felt about forgery, they condemned it. Worth a read, just now it is not Germany's best writing.
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