Philosophy Logic

In our deluge of information, it's getting harder and harder to distinguish the revelatory from the contradictory. How do we make health decisions in the face of conflicting medical advice? How can we navigate the next uncomfortable discussion with family members, who follow completely different experts on climate? In Third Millennium Thinking, a physicist, a psychologist, and a philosopher introduce listeners to the tools and frameworks that scientists use to keep from fooling themselves, to understand the world, and to make decisions.

Instead of always being the victim, turn yourself into the victor. All it takes is a shift in perspective, and that’s what Stoicism is all about. The timeless wisdom of the Stoics can help anyone find inner peace and joy and Stoicism - Understanding and Practicing the Philosophy of the Stoics is the perfect starting point.

This guide will teach you how to analyse arguments, speeches, and newspaper articles. It will help you discern faults in reasoning from sound arguments. It looks at the structure of language in order to demonstrate rules by which you can identify good analytical thinking, and will help you to formulate clear, defensible arguments. With real life newspaper extracts, a glossary, exercises and answers, and a guide to essay writing, this is an invaluable tool for both students and general readers.

Lifestyle habits that “carry” you to increased productivity, better health, and career superstardom? Yes, please! How many times have you tried to change your habits? If you’re like most people, more than you care to think about. And how different is your life now? It’s not your fault; the human brain, by nature, doesn’t want to make significant changes. To build new positive habits, you’ll have to “hotwire” your brain. Building new thinking habits is particularly difficult, especially because our society doesn’t prioritize learning thinking habits.

Hegels Logik von 1812 komplett (aber ohne die Anmerkungen) in 36 Stunden vorgelesen und mit einem ausführlichen Inhalts- und Trackverzeichnis versehen.

This book will familiarize the reader with the basics of critical thinking and informal logic — deductive and inductive arguments, form and content, fallacies, and complex arguments. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 outlines the basic concepts and principles of informal logic. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on deductive and inductive reasoning (analogical and statistical) and include a discussion of validity, soundness and cogency. Chapter 4 presents rhetorical devices and informal fallacies. Chapter 5 discusses strategies and tactics for the evaluation of complex argumentation. Chapter ...

Discover "Martini-ism", the groundbreaking philosophy that transforms the way you see and engage with life. In this captivating journey, you'll learn to embrace complexity, savor contradictions, and live boldly in full color—shaking or stirring the world around you with intention and elegance. Perfect for anyone seeking sophistication, clarity, and action, "Martini-ism" is more than a book—it's a movement. Elevate your perspective, redefine success, and unlock the secret to a life rich with meaning. Don’t just read this book, live it—and flourish.

Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping listeners to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables listeners to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy.

A logical fallacy, on the other hand, is a faulty thought process that violates a rule of proper thinking. A rule of proper thinking is a rule defined by logicians through discovery of logical truths and how to frame good arguments. Correct arguments are defined as proper generalized expressions that define logical truths or knowledge. With a logical fallacy, either the contrary or the contradictory of the logical argument is said to be true. In effect, a rule of logical reasoning addresses all of the common modes of valid argument while the faulty argument contradicts them. This book ...

Claims are constantly being made, many of which are confusing, ambiguous, too general to be of value, exaggerated, unfalsifiable, and suggest a dichotomy when no such dichotomy exists. Good critical thinking requires a thorough understanding of the claim before attempting to determine its veracity. Good communication requires the ability to make clear, precise, explicit claims, or "strong" claims. The rules of reason in this book provide the framework for obtaining this understanding and ability.

Le "Discours de la méthode" est un texte composite, assez peu méthodique en vérité, qui touche à la morale, à la logique, aux sciences. La méthode proprement dite se résume en peu de règles : "ne recevoir jamais aucune chose pour vraie, que je ne la connusse évidemment être telle" ; "diviser chacune des difficultés que j'examinerais" ; "conduire par ordre mes pensées" et m'assurer, par des "dénombrements si entiers, et des revues si générales", de n'avoir rien omis dans ces "chaînes de raisons", sur le modèle des géomètres.

What does it mean to be truly free? In this bold and ground-breaking exploration of human freedom, Laura Davidson challenges us to contemplate the true nature of liberty. In doing so, she leads us to question many things we may think we know about the human condition and the world around us. Genuine freedom starts with an understanding we have freedom of the will. And yet many present-day scientists and philosophers argue that free will is merely an illusion. Their claim is that the activity of the brain is a purely physical process, analogous to the operation of a computer. But this ...

We shall then inquire into the way in which thoughts are generated; in other words, how the intellectual storehouse is furnished with suitable materials. Apart from those ideas which seem to be ours by natural heritage, most of our thoughts arise from observation, reading, reflection, social intercourse, and travel. These will be considered separately and collectively. The next point is to know how to direct and control our thoughts.

We begin in the turbulent times of the medieval friar, William of Occam, who first articulated the principle that the best answer to any problem is the simplest. This theory, known as Occam's razor, cut through the thickets of medieval metaphysics to clear a path for modern science. We follow the razor in the hands of the giants of science, from Copernicus to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Rubin and Higgs. Its success suggests that we live in the simplest possible habitable universe and supports the revolutionary theory that our cosmos has evolved.

Learn how to survive life's hardships and enjoy its pleasures with the modern stoic mindset. In this enlightening audiobook, philosopher Massimo Pigliucci offers a thoughtful and modern reinterpretation of Epictetus' 53 lessons for living a good life. Drawing on the ancient wisdom of the Stoics, this is a comforting guide that will help you reclaim the power of your emotional response and let go of the things you can't control.

En el Discurso del método, Descartes parece buscar y moverse en un elegante equilibrio entre la crítica y la prudencia, de tal forma que su obra, aparte del valor puramente reflexivo, se podría percibir como una sugestiva propuesta de conducta vital. Persiste en una separación entre fe religiosa y trabajo científico que se corresponde enteramente con las necesidades filosóficas de su contexto social histórico.

Dangerous Jokes develops a novel, well-researched, and compelling argument that lays bare the power of demeaning jokes in ordinary conversations. Claire Horisk draws on her expertise in philosophy of language and on evidence from sociology, law, and cognitive science to explain how the element of humor—so often used as a defense—makes jokes more potent than regular speech in communicating prejudice and reinforcing social hierarchies.

Die adjektivische Passiversatzform 'unverständlich' ist transformierbar in den Ausdruck 'kann nicht verstanden werden'. Das Modalverb 'können' hat typischerweise drei Funktionen: Kompetenz, Möglichkeit, Erlaubnis. An jeder schriftlichen Kommunikation sind (sehr einfach ausgedrückt) mindestens drei Momente beteiligt: ein Produzent, Zeichen, ein Rezipient. Wenn ein Zeichen, ein Wort, ein Satz, ein Text als 'unverständlich' bewertet wird, ist fragbar: Warum? "Die Fragmente von Friedrich Schlegel sind unverständlich." Mögliche Gründe: (1) Der Autor hat nicht die Kompetenz, sich verständlich mitzuteilen.

If you're into self-help and personal development, you've most likely come across the terms stoicism and stoic philosophy a lot these days. Unlike a fancy-sounding pop psychology trend or personal development quick fix, stoicism is a powerful ancient Greek philosophy concept.

Are your arguments relevant or not? Can you find logic in words, or are the concepts behind them related to the expression? These and many other questions regarding critical thinking skills will be addressed in this comprehensive guide. The author looks at things from a different perspective and uses scientific methods to uncover the truth.