Philosophy Logic

Reason has done much of the heavy lifting throughout history. In this second volume, this book presents quotations from many of history's key figures who both recognize the importance—and also the limitations—of reason.

This book will familiarize the reader with the basics of critical thinking and informal logic — deductive and inductive arguments, form and content, fallacies, and complex arguments. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 outlines the basic concepts and principles of informal logic. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on deductive and inductive reasoning (analogical and statistical) and include a discussion of validity, soundness and cogency. Chapter 4 presents rhetorical devices and informal fallacies. Chapter 5 discusses strategies and tactics for the evaluation of complex argumentation. Chapter ...

The majority of this book is based on the concept of fallacies. This idea is the notion that people often come up with the wrong reasoning, the wrong conclusions, and the wrong steps in their logic. Since they do this, they often argue about things that completely seem to contradict each other, but they don’t. Many people base their fallacies on emotions, past experiences, biased thoughts, or some other thing that gets in the way of pure, correct, infallible logic.

If you want to be on top of your game, enhance your career path, boost your confidence, and establish a better social life, then take action now and become a master at facial profiling. Discover the science behind facial profiling; the art of facial recognition; body language; advantages of facial recognition technology; common errors made when reading body language; and much more in this guide to analyzing people.

Es el tratado sobre estrategia más famoso del mundo, que se ha convertido en un libro de culto en el ámbito de la empresa. Varias películas ambientadas en Wall Street han contribuido a popularizar este pequeño libro, que nos propone unos principios válidos tanto en el mundo de la estrategia militar como en el de los negocios o la política. A pesar de su antigüedad, se trata de un libro extremadamente moderno, que ayudará a reflexionar sobre cualquier tipo de problema.

フレーゲからラッセル、そしてウィトゲンシュタインへ――二十世紀初頭、言葉についての問いと答えが重なりあい、つながりあっていった。天才たちの挑戦は言語哲学の源流を形作っていく。

Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping listeners to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables listeners to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy.

En el Discurso del método, Descartes parece buscar y moverse en un elegante equilibrio entre la crítica y la prudencia, de tal forma que su obra, aparte del valor puramente reflexivo, se podría percibir como una sugestiva propuesta de conducta vital. Persiste en una separación entre fe religiosa y trabajo científico que se corresponde enteramente con las necesidades filosóficas de su contexto social histórico.

De Oostenrijkse filosoof Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) is zonder enige twijfel één van de belangrijkste filosofen van de twintigste eeuw. Zijn denken heeft een grote bijdrage geleverd aan de filosofie van de taal, de wiskunde en de geest alsook aan de grondslagen van de logica. Door de een werd hij bewonderd, door de ander verguisd. Dat maakt hem tot een interessant onderwerp, zowel binnen als buiten de filosofie. Op toegankelijke en humoristische wijze behandelt Jean Paul Van Bendegem de biografie van Wittgenstein en biedt hij een diepere analyse van zijn twee bekendste werken.

A thought-provoking exploration of how people really change their minds, and how persuasion is possible. In Stop Being Reasonable, Eleanor Gordon-Smith weaves a narrative that illustrates the limits of human reason. Here, she tells the stories of people who have radically altered their beliefs - from the woman who had to reckon with her husband's terrible secret to the man who finally left the cult he had been raised in since birth. Gordon-Smith shows how we can change the course of our own lives, and asks: What made someone change course?

Roughly 95% of Americans don't appear to have an ethical problem with animals being killed for food, yet all of us would have a serious problem with humans being killed for food. As you start to list properties that the animal lacks to justify eating them, you begin to realize that some humans also lack those properties, yet we don't eat those humans. In Eat Meat... or Don't, we examine the moral arguments for and against eating meat with both philosophical and scientific rigor.

Gedankenspiele sind seit über zweitausend Jahren die Werkzeuge der Philosophie - sie helfen dabei, Antworten auf die grundlegenden Fragen des Lebens zu finden. Die großen Philosophen - von Sokrates bis Sartre - haben solche geistigen Experimente entwickelt, um sich Themen wie Moral, Freiheit oder Gerechtigkeit zu nähern: Wie würden wir leben, wenn wir unsterblich wären? Wenn ich mein Gehirn mit dem meines Nachbarn tausche - wer wohnt dann wo? Wie kann ein angeketteter Hund glücklich werden?

We begin in the turbulent times of the medieval friar, William of Occam, who first articulated the principle that the best answer to any problem is the simplest. This theory, known as Occam's razor, cut through the thickets of medieval metaphysics to clear a path for modern science. We follow the razor in the hands of the giants of science, from Copernicus to Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Rubin and Higgs. Its success suggests that we live in the simplest possible habitable universe and supports the revolutionary theory that our cosmos has evolved.

This short audio on logic argues that logic and science can go hand in hand, and that, by taking observations of perceptions and sensations, and applying logical analysis to them, you have the power to build conceptual models and frameworks that you can use in order to predict what you should do in the future and to reason how to solve the problems in your life.

In this comprehensive guide, your cognitive abilities will be put to test. Deep thinking will be your companion as you study the topics explained and outlined in here. Get the audiobook to boost your creative thinking energy. In other words: Don’t wait. Don’t be late. Get up to date.

Le bon sens est la chose au monde la mieux partagée, car chacun pense en être si bien pourvu que ceux même qui sont les plus difficiles à contenter en toute chose, n'ont point coutume d'en désirer plus qu'ils en ont.

Learn how to survive life's hardships and enjoy its pleasures with the modern stoic mindset. In this enlightening audiobook, philosopher Massimo Pigliucci offers a thoughtful and modern reinterpretation of Epictetus' 53 lessons for living a good life. Drawing on the ancient wisdom of the Stoics, this is a comforting guide that will help you reclaim the power of your emotional response and let go of the things you can't control.

Why have our conversations become so polarised? What does "woke" mean? How do we challenge bad ideas? Fantastic Fallacies: And Brilliant Biases is the second book in the Fantastic Fallacies series. With this book, you can identify frustrating arguments and learn how to effectively challenge them. It describes 50 of the most common fallacies and biases, how to find them and how to refute them.

Are you tired of feeling overpowered in debates or conversations, even when you know you're right? Hit Them Like Hitchens is your ultimate guide to mastering the art of argument, inspired by Christopher Hitchens, one of the most formidable debaters of our time. This book isn't just about winning debates—it's about using truth, wit, and integrity to persuade effectively. Whether you're negotiating at work, engaging in a heated discussion at a social gathering, or debating online, this book will provide the tools to help you build stronger arguments, expose fallacies, and win over audiences.

In questo agile saggio Vera Gheno fa il punto sul dibattito che si è sviluppato in Italia intorno al linguaggio, con l'intento di aiutare il lettore a prendere una posizione, e accompagnarlo a riflettere proprio su quanto sia importante non dare mai nulla per scontato. Negli ultimi tempi, si parla in toni anche molto accesi di linguaggio inclusivo o ampio: che cos'è, come funziona, a chi e a cosa serve? Si tratta di un eccesso di politicamente corretto, oppure è un tema con cui, volenti o nolenti, dobbiamo fare i conti?