Medieval Military History

It would be hard if not outright impossible to overstate the impact Roman Emperor Constantine I had on the history of Christianity, Ancient Rome, and Europe as a whole. Best known as Constantine the Great, the kind of moniker only earned by rulers who have distinguished themselves in battle and conquest, Constantine remains an influential and controversial figure to this day.

During the rise of feudalism, the best weapon systems of the day had only been available to the select few, usually the lords and knights of the realm who had the income that could support them. As technology advanced, the crossbow, arbalest, and firearms were developed and a relatively untrained foot soldier could kill a knight with a single shot, canceling out a lifetime of mounted discipline.

An order of warrior monks founded to protect pilgrims to Jerusalem, the Templars were among the wealthiest and most powerful bodies in the medieval world. Yet two centuries later, they were arrested, accused of blasphemy, heresy and orgies, and their leaders were burnt at the stake. Part guide, part history, this book investigates the Templar legends and legacy - from the mysteries of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, via nineteenth century development of the Freemasons, through to Templar appearances in Dan Brown and Indiana Jones.

For centuries, the Crusades have been central to the story of the medieval Near East, but these religious wars are only part of the region's complex history. As The Mongol Storm reveals, during the same era the Near East was utterly remade by another series of wars: the Mongol invasions. In a single generation, the Mongols conquered vast swaths of the Near East and upended the region's geopolitics. This is the definitive history of the Mongol assault on the Near East and its enduring global consequences.

The Middle Ages witnessed almost constant warfare in Europe, so mercenaries were a constant on the battlefield, but the 15th century also saw the rise of mercenary usage by the increasingly wealthy aristocracy. At the time, England and France existed in smaller versions than in the modern age, while the Spanish had unified into a few large kingdoms and were slowly pushing the Moors off the Iberian Peninsula. Norway and Hungary were larger than they are now, but otherwise, most of Europe was a patchwork quilt of small, constantly warring states.

This was the 15th century and in this green and pleasant land, numerous players took their chances in the ultimate game. The prize was the throne of England. One figure that was central to the conflict. One figure that still divides opinion today: Richard III. This is his story and the game that he played for the throne of England.

For centuries, Christians and Muslims were embroiled in one of the most infamous territorial disputes of all time, viciously and relentlessly battling one another for the Holy Land. In the heart of Jerusalem sat one of the shining jewels of the Christian faith, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Legend has it that this was where their Savior had been buried before his fabled resurrection. What was more, it was said to house the very cross Jesus Christ had died upon.

Middelalderens korstog til Mellemøsten er et blodigt kapitel i kristendommens og Europas historie. Mange er af den opfattelse, at de blev sat i gang af pave Urban II's tale i 1095, men i virkeligheden var pavens tale blot katalysator for spændinger, der havde opbygget sig mellem henholdsvis Europa og Mellemøsten og kristendommen og islam igennem mange år.

Las formas góticas alcanzan niveles tan elevados de perfección técnica que nos están anunciando la decadencia de un estilo que ya no puede avanzar sobre sus propios postulados. Aunque suele denominarse así, no hay tal "ocaso", sino una portentosa transformación de la representación natural que nos está anunciando la llegada de un nuevo periodo que alcanzará cotas antes no sospechadas en el arte y en la belleza.

Among those who were responsible for the projection of Ottoman power, few deserve as much credit as the Sipahi. Civilizations across the steppes and the Middle East relied heavily on cavalry, and the Sipahi were elite cavalry units during medieval times for a couple of powers. That said, they were a massive contributor to the success of Ottoman warfare, and during good times for the empire, the Sipahi were rewarded, to the extent that they became their own social class, much like the Janissaries.

In 1393, the Tsar of Bulgaria, Ivan Shishman, defended Nicopolis in a last stand against the invading Ottoman Empire, but the well-known battle named after the town occurred in 1396, when an army of knights from all over Europe faced an Ottoman army. This battle is famous for representing the last time that Christian Europe (or, at least, most of it) united under a single banner to fight a common foe, and the military venture is often called the Last Crusade.

Born as the heir to the English Throne, the Black Prince was trained from a young age to be king. Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince, had other ideas. His love for chivalry, knighthood, and combat brought him on campaigns all over Europe. How did he become known as the Black Prince? What caused his stunning victories against the numerically superior French? How did the Black Prince almost get himself into financial ruin? Why was he the scourge of the French? In this book, we explore every detail of the action-packed life of Edward, the Black Prince.

Many ancient civilizations have influenced and inspired people in the 21st century, and the Greeks and Romans continue to fascinate the West today, but of all the world’s civilizations, none have intrigued people more than the Mayans, whose culture, astronomy, language, and mysterious disappearance all continue to captivate people. In the past decade especially, there has been a renewed focus on the Mayans, whose advanced calendar led many to speculate the world would end on the same date the Mayan calendar ended in 2012.

The long war between France and England demonstrates the transition from the feudal order of society to the idea of national political organization. Its causes and the motives that kept it alive were rooted in a steadily growing sense of national unity and national honor.

Un enfrentamiento épico y decisivo desarrollado en el año 1066 entre las tropas del gran Harold II, último rey sajón de Inglaterra, y los invasores vikingo-normandos del futuro Guillermo I de Inglaterra. Las consecuencias de esta batalla se dejarían sentir incluso muchos años después.

La guerra dei cento anni fu un conflitto che oppose Inghilterra e Francia, a più riprese, fra il 1337 e il 1453. Ragioni dinastiche, politiche ed economiche concorsero a generare e tener viva questa guerra che incise nel profondo sui due paesi, e soprattutto la Francia sul cui territorio fu combattuta, in un'epoca segnata in tutta Europa anche dal disastroso incrudelire della peste e dalla conseguente crisi demografica ed economica.

Somewhat ironically, the one aspect of the Middle Ages that has been romanticized is medieval warfare. What is generally forgotten is that medieval warfare was constantly adapting to the times as leaders adopted new techniques and technology, and common infantry became increasingly important throughout the period. The changes became most evident at the beginning of the 14th century, when the French army fought rebellious forces from Flanders in the Battle of the Golden Spurs on July 11, 1302.

The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Middle Ages gives listeners the beginning, middle and end of the era, starting with the fall of the Roman Empire in the year 550 and ending with the Renaissance in 1500, and covers some uncomfortable similarities between the so-called 'Dark Ages' and today's 'modern world'. This is a fascinating, fact-filled audiobook that delivers more than 1,000 years of history in easy-to-understand chapters. Complete with a time line, a who's who and more.

Immortalised in the plays of Shakespeare, Henry V is the most famous and celebrated of all England’s medieval monarchs. Although his most famous battles and conquests took place in France, Henry, as was common amongst medieval aristocracy, was introduced to battle at an early age when he fought with his father, Henry IV, at the battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. On his accession to the throne, Henry turned his attention towards foreign affairs and the English position in France.

In the twilight of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths emerged as the unlikely stewards of Hispania, entwining the Roman legacy with Germanic vigor. Yet, this fusion of worlds was not without its fractures. Witness the societal strains and internal dissent that set the stage for a historic upheaval as diverse peoples grappled with the complexities of coexistence under the Visigothic banner.