Founding Science

Few institutions have been more ingeniously designed than the U.S. federal government via the Constitution in 1787. This auspicious beginning more than two centuries ago helps explain why the U.S. remains a magnet for opportunity seekers, students, entrepreneurs, dissidents, and persecuted believers. Yet for decades now, America’s federal government has been underperforming. In an era of substantial political fermentation and debate, rediscovering and re-applying American Republicanism represents the best path forward for the United States.

Americans have debated the Constitution since the day it was signed, but rarely in its 223-year history have so many disagreed so fiercely about so much. Everywhere there seems to be debate about the Constitution's meaning and message. The Tea Party, with its almost fanatical focus on the founding document, contends that its primary purpose is to restrain the federal government-but does it really say that?

Explore the revolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment with The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine, narrated by Gary Middleton. This seminal work challenges traditional religious beliefs and advocates for reason, logic, and free thought as the foundations of understanding. Paine’s incisive critique of organized religion and his bold defense of deism offer a timeless exploration of faith, skepticism, and intellectual inquiry.

In 1823, the History of the Celebrated Mrs. Ann Carson rattled Philadelphia society and became one of the most scandalous, and popular, memoirs of the age. This tale of a woman who tried to rescue her lover from the gallows and attempted to kidnap the governor of Pennsylvania tantalized its audience with illicit love, betrayal, and murder.

Washington's Farewell Address Made Easier is a quick and delightful visit into the heart, mind, and soul of George Washington. He gives a brief glimpse into the challenges and workings of self-government and America's amazing formula of success, for which he has been aptly named The Father of Our Country.

The Declaration of Independence is one of the most influential documents in modern history - the inspiration for what would become the most powerful democracy in the world. Indeed, at every stage of American history, the Declaration has been a touchstone for evaluating the legitimacy of legal, social, and political practices. Not only have civil rights activists drawn inspiration from its proclamation of inalienable rights, but individuals decrying a wide variety of governmental abuses have turned for support to the document's enumeration of British tyranny.

"Common Sense" was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation. Written in clear and persuasive prose, Thomas Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. "Common Sense" made public a persuasive and impassioned case for independence, which before the pamphlet had not yet been given serious intellectual consideration.

The Federalist Papers is a series of 85 articles arguing in favor of ratification of the United States Constitution by the 13 original colonies. Federalist No. 74 discusses the powers of the president as commander-in-chief and to grant pardons and reprieves. Hamilton asserts that the role of commander-in-chief is inherent in the office itself and requires the speed and resolve of a single decision-maker.

One of the most significant documents in American history, The Declaration of Independence was authored by Thomas Jefferson and ratified on July 4, 1776. This iconic text announced the American colonies’ separation from British rule and laid the foundation for the principles of freedom and democracy that continue to inspire people worldwide.

Without Thomas Paine's Common Sense, the United States may never have even attempted to win independence from Great Britain. This short, passionate book is credited with fanning the flames of revolution in its day; but beyond that, its unique view of the role of government and of the relationship between government and citizens — and how those factors apply to modern life — are still studied by students of political science to this day. This edition includes the full, unabridged text of Common Sense. In addition, it includes clear, yet extensive study tools and discussion questions to help listeners more easily understand this classic text.

The novel blends fact, fiction, and speculation about Mercy Otis Warren, a self-educated 18th century woman and accomplished dramatist, poet, pamphleteer, historian, propagandist, and consummate letter writer, preparing a fictional journal of her life.

La idea de hacer este libro surgió de Madres de Plaza de Mayo Línea Fundadora por la necesidad de dejar una versión propia de su historia y contar en primera persona cómo se conocieron, cómo se organizaron, cómo se fueron construyendo. Muchas, la mayoría de las madres, ya no están con nosotros. Pero cada una de las que participan en este libro dio su testimonio y contó lo que recuerda de estos años junto a sus compañeras.

Protagonizada pelo brasileiro Eduardo Saverin, estudante de economia, e pelo norte-americano Mark Zuckerberg, gênio da informática–amigos que sobreviviam num ambiente repleto de alunos brilhantes de famílias supertradicionais–este audiolivro mostra a trajetória da criação da rede social que se tornou uma das mais poderosas empresas do mundo e que revolucionou a maneira como milhões de pessoas se relacionam.

Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-76 that inspired people in the Thirteen Colonies to declare and fight for independence from Great Britain in the summer of 1776. In clear, simple language, it explained the advantages of and the need for immediate independence. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution and became an immediate sensation.

Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton had a famously contentious political relationship. In June of 1804, then-Vice President Burr was made aware that Hamilton had made disparaging remarks about him. Dr. Charles Cooper had overheard these remarks and published a letter indicating such. Burr soon after read Dr. Cooper's remarks and took offense. The following are pieces of correspondence between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, followed by letters from Alexander Hamilton to his friend Nathaniel Pendleton, as well as his wife Elizabeth.

In today’s modern world, every political regime - even the most authoritarian or repressive - describes itself as democracy or a democratic people’s republic. The concept of rule by the people and on behalf of the people has come to be accepted as the norm. Very few would overtly espouse the cause of dictatorship, absolute monarchy, or oligarchy as the most desirable political system upon which to base the government of any country.

Benjamin Franklin was an author, physicist, innovator, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political thinker who resided in America. Franklin was just one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a drafter and signer of the US Declaration of Independence, and the first postmaster general of the United States. For his discoveries and views about electrical energy, he was an essential player in the American knowledge and the history of physics as a researcher. He is most prominent for his developments like the lightning arrester, bifocals, and the Franklin hotplate.