In this episode of then & now, we are joined by Dr. Jamaal Muwwakkil, Chancellor’s Postdoctoral Fellow at UCLA and incoming Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Washington, to discuss the recent rollback of affirmative action and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in American universities. Jamaal examines how these changes—set in motion by the Supreme Court’s 2023 decision to end race-conscious admissions, alongside a rising political backlash against DEI, particularly from the Trump administration—signal a return to exclusionary practices after decades of hard-fought progress. Bringing a sociolinguistic perspective to the jagged history of Black student experiences in the era of affirmative action, Jamaal traces the arc from the first efforts at inclusion in the 1950s to the present moment. Focusing on the implications of these shifts, particularly for Black and Latinx students navigating the current higher education environment, Jamaal provides insight into how language, policy, and power shape experiences of belonging and exclusion on campus, offering essential context for understanding this pivotal moment in higher education.

Dr. Jamaal Muwwakkil is a University of California Chancellor’s Postdoctoral Fellow at UCLA in the Department of Education and Information Studies and an incoming Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Washington. Jamaal holds a Linguistics PhD from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was also the 2019-20 University of California (UC) Student Regent-designate and the 2020-21 UC Student Regent. Jamaal’s research specializations include African American language and culture, sociocultural linguistics, and political discourse.

In this week’s episode of then & now, LCHP Assistant Director Dr. Rose Campbell is joined by Dr. Neil J. Young—historian, podcaster, and author of Coming Out Republican (The University of Chicago Press, 2024), which traces the history of conservative and libertarian gay figures in United States history and their influence on the modern Republican Party. In this episode, Neil examines the evolving relationship between these members of the LGBTQ community—predominantly white gay men–and the Republican Party in light of recent executive orders from the second Trump administration, which have sought to reinforce binary gender norms and curtail protections for LGBTQ individuals. Neil contextualizes this dynamic by tracing the history of conservative gay men as a persistent, though often marginalized, constituency within the party over the last century, and their struggle to make equality and gay rights a non-partisan issue. Despite the party’s increasingly exclusionary rhetoric and policies, gay Republicans have maintained loyalty and exerted significant influence, particularly through behind-the-scenes activism and policy shaping since the Reagan era. By interrogating the paradox of LGBTQ support for a party actively enacting anti-LGBTQ measures, Neil offers nuanced insights into the complexities of identity, political allegiance, and the construction of contemporary conservatism.

Neil J. Young is an award-winning historian, writer, podcaster, and author of Coming Out Republican: A History of the Gay Right (The University of Chicago Press, 2024). Neil holds an A.B. from Duke University and a Ph.D. in history from Columbia University. Neil formerly served as a contributing columnist for The Week and, before that, an opinion columnist for HuffPost. He writes frequently for leading publications, including the Washington Post, the Atlantic, CNN, the Los Angeles Times, Vox, Politico, Slate, and the New York Times.

In this week’s episode of then & now, guest host Professor Fernando Pérez-Montesinos is joined by Carlos Pérez Ricart, Assistant Professor in International Relations at the Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE) in Mexico City, to discuss Mexico’s Dirty War—an internal conflict from the 1960s to the 1980s between the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)-ruled government and left-wing student and guerrilla groups. As one of the four members of Mexico’s truth commission from 2021 to 2024, Carlos draws on the findings of this initiative to examine the country’s systematic use of violence and repression, as well as the most significant revelations from the commission’s comprehensive reports.

Carlos situates Mexico’s experience within the broader context of Latin America’s wave of repressive military regimes during the Cold War, which implemented widespread crackdowns on real and perceived political dissidents. While countries across the region began confronting these legacies in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Mexican government remained largely unresponsive to calls for a truth commission, despite persistent demands from activists and human rights organizations. In 2021, the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) finally initiated a formal process to address past abuses, creating a truth commission tasked with conducting interviews and scouring archives for evidence of past violence. This conversation considers the complexities of uncovering evidence implicating powers behind the formation of the truth commission itself and provides critical insights into the mechanisms of state violence, the politics of memory, and the challenges of transitional justice in contemporary Mexico.

Carlos Pérez Ricart is an assistant professor in International Relations at the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE) in Mexico City. Prior to joining CIDE, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford, where he worked at both the History Faculty and the Latin American Centre, St. Antony’s College. His research and teaching interests include the relationship between Mexico and the United States, security and organized crime, arms trafficking, drug policies. He is co-editor of the book "Gun Trafficking and Violence: From The Global Network to The Local Security Challenge" (Palgrave, St. Antony’s College 2021).

Fernando Pérez-Montesinos is an associate professor in the Department of History at UCLA. His research focuses on the history of modern Mexico with a focus on the nineteenth century and the Mexican Revolution. His book, "Landscaping Indigenous Mexico: The Liberal State and Capitalism in the Purépecha Highlands" (UT Press, 2025), focuses on the Purépecha people of Michoacán, Mexico, and examines why and how long-standing patterns of communal landholding changed in response to liberal policies, railroad expansion, and the rise of the timber industry in Mexico.

Further Reading:

• Fifty Years of Silence: Mexico Faces the Legacy of its Dirty War, GWU National Security Archive
• Inquiry into Mexico’s ‘dirty war’ obstructed by military and other agencies, board says, the Guardian

In this week’s episode of then & now, we present a recording of a recent panel discussion focusing on L.A. wildfires past, present, and future. This program is part of the “Why History Matters” series presented by the UCLA Meyer and Renee Luskin Department of History—a series dedicated to the belief that historical knowledge is an indispensable, and often missing, ingredient in public debate.

”Why History Matters: L.A. Wildfires Past, Present, and Future,” brought experts together to explore how historical and indigenous perspectives can reshape our understanding of wildfires, especially in light of the devastating Los Angeles County fires in January 2025. The discussion, anchored in the Fowler Museum at UCLA’s “Fire Kinship: Southern California Native Ecology and Art” exhibition, interrogates prevailing narratives that frame fire solely as a destructive force, instead foregrounding indigenous epistemologies that recognize fire as a vital ecological process and a generational resource. Professors Hitoshi Abe, Gerald Clarke, Jr., and Char Miller distinguish three primary drivers of contemporary wildfire crises: climate change, fire suppression policies, and patterns of urban expansion into fire-prone landscapes. To more effectively mitigate and adapt to the escalating risks posed by wildfires, these panelists discuss ways to integrate traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary land management and urban policy.

Moderator:
Stephen Aron is the Calvin and Marilyn Gross Director and President of the Autry Museum of the American West. A specialist in the history of frontiers, borderlands, and the American West, Dr. Aron holds degrees from Amherst College (B.A.) and the University of California, Berkeley (M.A., Ph.D.).

Panelists:
Hitoshi Abe is a Professor in the Department of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of California, Los Angeles. Professor Abe is currently the director of Paul I. and Hisako Terasaki Center for Japanese Studies and holds the Terasaki Chair for contemporary Japanese study. In 2017, he established xLAB, an international think tank initiative that examines architecture’s elastic boundaries and considers new possibilities through interdisciplinary collaboration in the study of the future built environment.

Gerald Clarke Jr. is a Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies and Special Advisor to the Chancellor on Native American Relations at the University of California, Riverside. He is an enrolled member of the Cahuilla Band of Indians and lives on the Cahuilla Indian Reservation. Gerald oversees the Clarke family cattle ranch and remains heavily involved in Cahuilla culture.

Char Miller is the W.M. Keck Professor of Environmental Analysis and History at Pomona College. His teaching and research reflect his fascination with all things environmental. Classes on U.S. environmental history, water in the U.S. West, and public lands management, like those on urbanization and the interplay between the natural and built landscapes, have deeply informed his writing.

In this week’s episode of then & now, we are joined by John Mikhail, Carroll Professor of Jurisprudence at Georgetown University Law Center, for a deep dive into the controversial theory of the unitary executive. Rooted in the Constitution’s Vesting Clause, this theory asserts that the president holds centralized control over the executive branch. While the theory has longstanding roots in constitutional debates, the Trump administration has embraced and expanded this interpretation in unprecedented ways. John Mikhail traces the theory’s historical origins, its legal evolution, and its increasingly assertive use under Trump 2.0. He examines how this broad view of executive power threatens the traditional balance among the three branches of government and raises pressing concerns about the future of checks and balances in the American constitutional system.

John Mikhail is the Carroll Professor of Jurisprudence at Georgetown University Law Center, where he has taught since 2004. He teaches and writes on a variety of topics, including constitutional law, moral psychology, moral and legal theory, cognitive science, legal history, criminal law, torts, international law, and human rights. Professor Mikhail is the author of Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls’ Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2011) and over fifty articles, chapters, essays, and reviews in peer-edited journals, law reviews, and anthologies.

Further Reading

• The Vesting Clause
• The Unitary Executive Theory (UET), Cornell Law School

This week’s episode of then & now is part of an occasional series exploring the past, present, and future of U.S. foreign policy and the U.S.-led international order. Guest host Dr. Ben Zdencanovic is joined by Bruce Schulman, Professor of History at Boston University, to discuss the Trump administration’s selective use of history, especially its nods to the McKinley era’s embrace of tariffs and imperialism. President Trump’s invocation of slogans like "Make America Great Again" reflects a broader effort to revive a tried-and-true Gilded Age cultural vision, framing America as a nation betrayed by outsiders and internal dissenters. Bruce argues that Trump’s idiosyncratic historical references signal a return to an older, culturally resonant political strategy. To conclude, Bruce examines the roots and ramifications of this vision, challenging the nostalgia surrounding late 19th-century U.S. policy and its relevance today.

Bruce Schulman is the William E. Huntington Professor of History at Boston University. Bruce also directs the Institute for American Political History at Boston University. The Institute seeks to establish Boston University as a leading center for the study of America’s political past. He is also a contributor to the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, the Christian Science Monitor, as well as websites such as Politico and Reuters. Bruce’s teaching and research concentrate on the history of the modern United States, particularly on the relationships between politics and broader cultural change. He is currently at work on a volume for the Oxford History of the United States covering the years 1896-1929.

Ben Zdencanovic is a Postdoctoral Associate at the UCLA Luskin Center for History and Policy. Ben is a historian of the United States in the world, domestic and international politics, and economic and social policy. He has a particular interest in the relationship between U.S. global power and the politics of redistribution and welfare state. Ben earned his doctorate with distinction from the Department of History at Yale in 2019, where his dissertation was the winner of the Edwin W. Small Prize for outstanding work in United States history. Prior to coming to UCLA, Ben was a postdoctoral fellow at the Yale Jackson School for Global Affairs and an Assistant Instructional Professor at the University of Chicago.

Further Reading

• Time Magazine, "Tariffs Don’t Have to Make Economic Sense to Appeal to Trump Voters"

This week’s episode of then & now is part of a series co-sponsored by the L.A. History Collaborative, in which we explore the impact of the catastrophic wildfires that affected Los Angeles in early 2025. We are joined by Amy Green, Principal of Silverlake Conservation and one of Los Angeles’ most seasoned historical conservators. She discusses her efforts to preserve intricately crafted tiles from the early 20th century that have been salvaged from homes in Altadena impacted by the fires as well as the importance of these tiles to the historical context of Altadena and Southern California more broadly.

In the aftermath of the extensive destruction caused by the Eaton Fire, historic Batchelder tiles—recognized as one of Los Angeles' most significant contributions to the American Arts and Crafts movement—have been discovered, sometimes as the only markers of where homes once stood. To preserve these pieces of history, Amy, along with the volunteer organization Save the Tiles, endeavors to protect this essential aspect of cultural heritage. Salvaging these architectural fragments not only preserves elements of the affected homes but also serves as a connection between what has been lost and the future that lies ahead. Amy calls attention to the fact that, in the midst of profound devastation, there emerges a remarkable display of kindness.


Amy Green is a Principal of Silverlake Conservation and has a broad range of experience in the conservation of a variety of materials, including ceramics, glass, metal, stone, concrete, and modern materials. Amy came to the field of conservation as a ceramic artist with a strong working knowledge of clay and glaze chemistry, and she has gravitated towards the treatment of historic tile and architectural terra cotta. Amy has a certificate in Historic Preservation from the University of Southern California, a Master’s of Art in Tile Conservation from Antioch University, and a bachelor’s degree from the University of Michigan.

Further Reading

• Los Angeles Times, ‘The only thing still left.’ Volunteers race to save Altadena’s vintage tiles from the bulldozers
• The New York Times, After the L.A. Wildfires, a Race to Save the Tiles, and the Soul, of Altadena
• Silverlake Conservation
• The Batchelder Tile Registry

In this week’s episode of then & now, we present a recording of a recent event co-sponsored by the Wende Museum and the Luskin Center for History and Policy. This event launched the Meyer and Renee Luskin Public History Program at the Wende Museum, a series made possible through the extraordinary generosity of Meyer and Renee Luskin, with a thought-provoking conversation on the role of history in shaping how we address today’s most urgent problems.

Wende Museum Founder and Executive Director Justin Jampol was joined by David N. Myers, Distinguished Professor of History at UCLA and the Director of the Luskin Center for History and Policy, for an illuminating discussion on public history—how we collectively engage with the past to help make sense of the present. In an era defined by what some call a “polycrisis” of entangled geopolitical, economic, and ecological disruptions, historical perspective is more essential than ever. Together, Jampol and Myers explore the ways history can help us navigate complexity, challenge dominant narratives, and foster informed activism.


Justin Jampol is the Founder and Executive Director of the Wende Museum. A scholar of Cold War visual culture, Jampol has dedicated his career to uncovering and preserving artifacts that tell alternative histories of 20th-century geopolitics. His innovative approach to public history—merging art, archives, and community engagement—has made the Wende Museum a global model for rethinking how museums interact with the past.


David N. Myers is a Distinguished Professor of History at UCLA and the Director of the Luskin Center for History and Policy and the UCLA Initiative to Study Hate. A leading scholar of Jewish history, he has authored six books and edited thirteen others, including The Stakes of History: On the Use and Abuse of Jewish History for Life (Yale University Press, 2018). His research addresses Jewish intellectual and cultural history, with a focus on how historical narratives shape identity, politics, and social movements.

Further Reading

• The Wende Museum programs