When a single server isn't enough, load balancers step in. This episode unpacks the critical role of load balancers in distributing incoming traffic efficiently. We'll explore different types (L4, L7), common algorithms (round robin, least connections), and HLD considerations like health checks and maintaining state (sticky sessions vs. stateless design).

Dive into the foundational relationship between clients and servers. We'll break down HTTP/HTTPS, explore their request-response cycle, and then venture into real-time communication with WebSockets, Long Polling, and Server-Sent Events (SSE). Discover the HLD considerations for choosing the right protocol based on your application's interactivity and data flow needs.

Ever wondered how massive online services are born? This episode demystifies High-Level Design (HLD). We'll define what HLD is, why it's the architect's crucial first step, and walk through a structured process for tackling any system design problem. Learn about the essential "ilities"—Scalability, Availability, Consistency, Reliability, Durability, Maintainability—and how they guide every architectural decision.