Good day and welcome to today's Dr. Inyo House podcast. Today I'm going to be talking about how to maximize care in children with disability. Disability can come in different areas. Some children can have intellectual disability, some can have physical disability, and some can have combination of intellectual and physical disability. Examples of physical disability will be kids who have problems are the head and neck regions like kids with cleft lips or cleft palate that struggle with feeding. Also kids with hand and foot disabilities that prevent them from walking properly. Kids with extreme ball legs is an example or kids with extreme care leg or genital valgum is another example or kids who have feeding difficulties. kids will have gastrostomy tubes that is tubes inserted into the stomach directly through the abdomen. All kids can have a problem with breathing, and they have breathing tubes things like tracheostomy tubes that help children in breathing until they are respiratory apparatus could be corrected properly. So there are different types of physical disabilities, hundreds and hundreds of physical disabilities. So this is an example of physical disability. Kids with seizure could come under physical disabilities. Also, there are specific disabilities, like a speech disability, a kid who cannot communicate, or language disabilities, kids who have problems using their language, or hearing disability, a kid cannot hear. or visual disabilities they cannot see. So, these are all part of physical disabilities that we see kids. On the other side there is intellectual disabilities that has to do with brain functions. In other words, the child is unable to understand things around him as expected of a child of that age. These are all intellectual disabilities. The causes of disabilities in children could be congenital, in other words, the kids are born with it. Or it could be acquired, in other words, the kids develop it after birth. Those are broad categories. Children are born with disabilities, or they get disabilities after they're born. Both intellectual disability or physical disability, people could be born with that, or people could get that after they're born. Some of these causes could be through the genes. They could be inherited, like genetic factors. Genetic causes could cause both brain dysfunction or physical dysfunction. Things related to genes, like I said, could cause either intellectual disability or physical disability, or both. There are also intellectual disability and physical disability that occurs after somebody is born or begins in the womb and continues when a child is born. Things like infection in pregnancy could lead to cognitive or intellectual disability. and it can also lead to physical disability. And of course, when a child is born, they continue to be exposed to things that can cause both intellectual disability and physical disability. For example, accident is a, who is involved in an accident can have both intellectual disability and physical disability, and infection also, malnutrition also. There's a host of things that could. continue to cause intellectual or physical disabilities or both undiagnosed diseases like hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is good one. If it's undiagnosed at birth, that can lead to both intellectual and physical disability as well. So there's a whole bunch of things that can lead to either intellectual disability where a child does not function as expected or physical disability where a child doesn't communicate or get around like other kids. of course, a host of medical conditions like seizure disorders, asthma, host of medical diseases diagnosed later in child could also lead to both physical and intellectual disability. The aspect of this lecture or presentation or podcast is to give the listeners ways to navigate or to help a child with physical disability or mental disability. or cognitive disability or intellectual disability. That is actually the main purpose of this podcast to share with the listeners how to navigate the system because sometimes it's very difficult for parents to navigate through the system of trying to help their kids with either intellectual disability or physical disability. Now the most important thing is to, of course, to be able to recognize this condition early, to recognize this condition early and to make early diagnosis. Okay, that's the most important thing to recognize this condition early and to make diagnosis early. Now the diagnosis could be made by specialized, at least in the United States where I practice, diagnosis is either suspected by the primary care doctor, the pediatrician, or suspected by the mother that this child is not developing very well. This child has intellectual disability, the child is not talking, the child is not walking, the child is, I don't think the child is hearing. Or sometimes this could be anticipated right from birth because of all the screening done during pregnancy ...
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