🎧 Overall Summary:

In this episode, Dr. Jackie Gerhart, VP of Clinical Informatics and Chief Medical Officer at Epic, joins Adam and Dale to discuss how Epic is transforming healthcare through generative AI, interoperability, and data-driven tools like Cosmos. She shares her journey from family medicine into health tech and offers an inside look at how Epic is using technology to reduce clinician burden, personalize care, and shape future healthcare policy.

🔹 The Person – Dr. Jackie Gerhart’s Journey to Epic (00:00–09:50)

Jackie shares her path from biomedical engineering into medicine, driven by a passion for solving problems with people rather than machines. She practiced full-scope family medicine for 7–8 years before transitioning into informatics at Epic to make broader system-level impact. She continues to practice urgent care to stay grounded in real-world clinical needs.

🔹 The Company/Product – Epic’s Physician Role, Mission, and Evolution (09:51–21:15)

Jackie outlines how Epic physicians evolved from demoing software to becoming strategic partners and informaticists influencing product development, R&D, and customer support. She emphasizes Epic’s commitment to usability, patient-centered design, and building tools that are meaningful, efficient, and clinically impactful.

🔹 Under the Hood – GenAI, Ambient Tech, and Smart Integration (21:16–35:55)

Jackie dives into how Epic is using generative AI across the healthcare stack. Applications include AI-powered ambient charting, inbasket automation, clinical summarization, and decision support. She emphasizes the need to match tech with organizational problems and to avoid jumping on “shiny object” solutions without a clear use case.

🔹 The Data Behind the Product – Cosmos and Precision Care (35:56–48:50)

Cosmos, Epic’s collaborative dataset of 293 million patient records, is now powering decision support at the point of care. Tools like Best Care Choices for My Patient and Lookalikes allow providers to tailor treatment plans or diagnose rare conditions by comparing patient-specific data to nationwide trends. Future aspirations include patient-facing tools to promote shared decision-making and personalized guidance.

🔹 Policy, Interoperability & TEFCA (48:51–56:50)

Jackie shares Epic’s historical commitment to interoperability, sparked by a tragic story that led to the creation of Care Everywhere. She explains Epic’s leadership role in TEFCA, which aims to establish common data standards across EHR systems, and how this framework will bring long-tail providers and digital health vendors into the fold.

🔹 The Future of Healthcare & What Excites Jackie (56:51–59:30)

Jackie envisions a world where empowered patients and AI-informed clinicians collaborate with precision data to make truly personalized medical decisions. She wants medical education to reflect this dynamic and constantly updated reality.

🔹 Lightning Round – Nerd Alert (59:31–End)

Jackie shares:

* Favorite productivity hack: Using ChatGPT and Copilot; clinically, she loves chart search and Epic’s secure messaging.

* Last book/podcast: Good to Great, Brotopia, and a STAT podcast on JPM 2024.

* Comfort food: Popcorn, pasta, matzo ball soup, and nostalgia for Blue Moon ice cream.

* Surprising fact: She was once bitten by a penguin in South Africa!

* Must-have tech (non-phone): Podcasts and online learning platforms—critical for lifelong learning in medicine.

In this episode, David Nussbaum, founder/CEO of Proto Hologram, joins hosts Adam Carewe and Dale Gold to explore the future of holographic communication, especially in healthcare. From beaming celebrities and doctors across the globe to integrating AI for conversational holograms, Nussbaum shares the journey and vision of making holograms a transformative technology for human connection.

Episode Breakdown & Section Summaries

1. Introduction and the Problem with Traditional Virtual Communication

⏱️ [00:00:05 – 00:01:42]

Adam and Dale introduce the podcast and set the stage by discussing the limitations of video communication in healthcare, especially during the pandemic. They reflect on how traditional virtual tools fail to replicate the presence and connection of in-person interaction.

2. Meet David Nussbaum: From Broadcasting to Holograms

⏱️ [00:01:42 – 00:04:15]

David shares how his background in broadcasting and podcasting led to the idea behind Proto. He imagined “beaming” people into each other’s homes like in science fiction and wanted to evolve communication beyond audio or video.

3. The Aha Moment and the Birth of Proto

⏱️ [00:04:15 – 00:08:40]

David recalls discovering unused Pepper’s Ghost patents, originally used for magic tricks, and adapting them to bring back late celebrities as holograms. Eventually, he shifted from resurrecting the dead to connecting the living, building Proto as a scalable, affordable solution.

4. Early Use Cases and Proto’s Entertainment Impact

⏱️ [00:08:40 – 00:11:21]

Proto gained attention through entertainment and marketing, including a breakthrough moment when Kane Brown performed as a hologram during the iHeart Music Festival. Collaborations followed with Elton John, UFC, and more.

5. How Proto Works and What It Looks Like

⏱️ [00:11:21 – 00:17:15]

David describes the Proto device as a holographic window—essentially a framed glass panel with internal lighting that creates life-size 3D visual presence. From large units to desktop models, Proto offers interactive, hyper-realistic visuals that create a sense of true presence.

6. Proto in Healthcare: Applications and Impact

⏱️ [00:17:15 – 00:24:37]

Proto’s biggest opportunity lies in healthcare. From teaching at the University of Central Florida to remote consultations at West Cancer Center, Proto is transforming patient-provider communication. HIPAA compliance and data security are top priorities.

7. Patient and Doctor Use Cases

⏱️ [00:24:37 – 00:30:44]

David discusses current deployments where clinics host the Proto units, and doctors or patients beam in remotely. He shares personal stories, including how Proto helps his own children interact with their grandparents across the country.

8. Conversational AI Integration

⏱️ [00:30:44 – 00:38:56]

David explains how Proto is evolving to support conversational AI avatars. Each avatar can be customized with specific knowledge bases and personality traits. An AWS event showcased two Proto AI avatars debating topics, offering a glimpse into collaborative AI-human interaction.

9. Future Use Cases: Wayfinding, Medical Assistants, and Multilingual Avatars

⏱️ [00:38:56 – 00:41:04]

Proto’s applications go beyond healthcare. From airport information booths (like the one in Jacksonville, FL) to hospital navigation and multilingual communication, the technology is versatile and expanding rapidly.

10. Lightning Round: Personal Stories & Influences

⏱️ [00:41:04 – 00:52:28]

David shares fun personal insights, including his love for MAD Magazine, his favorite podcast guest (Sam Simon), and his dream lunch dates: Howard Stern, Larry David, and Howie Mandel. The segment ends on an emotional note about family, podcasting, and memories.

Overall Summary

Dr. Zak Kohane, a pioneering figure in AI and biomedical informatics at Harvard Medical School, discusses the transformative potential of AI in healthcare, its challenges, and its future. He highlights the inertia of the healthcare system, the impending doctor shortage, and how AI-driven innovations can revolutionize patient care and medical practice.

Episode Breakdown

Introduction (00:00:08 – 00:01:39)

Hosts Adam Carewe and Dale Gold introduce their guest, Dr. Zak Kohane, a leader in AI-driven healthcare innovation. The episode sets the stage for a deep dive into AI’s role in medicine and its impact on the healthcare system.

Zak Kohane’s Background and Mission (00:01:39 – 00:03:33)

Kohane shares his journey from a PhD student in AI to becoming a leader in biomedical informatics. He reflects on his early realization that medicine, despite its noble intent, lacked systematic scientific approaches and could be vastly improved with technology.

The Frustration with Traditional Healthcare (00:03:33 – 00:09:58)

Kohane describes the inefficiencies in medical decision-making and patient care. He compares medicine to aviation, arguing that while planes prioritize passenger safety with systematic checks, medicine often relies on outdated, inconsistent practices.

The Rise of AI and Patient-Led Change (00:09:58 – 00:11:51)

The conversation shifts to how AI is already influencing patient decisions, providing second opinions, and identifying misdiagnoses. Kohane highlights a crucial moment where the healthcare system must recognize itself as an information-processing discipline that must adapt to AI advancements.

Medical Informatics and the Evolution of EHRs (00:11:51 – 00:20:43)

The discussion delves into the history of medical informatics, explaining how AI and computer science have shaped modern healthcare. Kohane critiques the slow evolution of electronic health records (EHRs), explaining how the lack of innovation has kept healthcare technology decades behind consumer-facing industries.

Doctor Shortage and the Future of Primary Care (00:20:43 – 00:25:36)

Kohane emphasizes the impending shortage of primary care doctors, predicting a deficit of 30,000 to 80,000 physicians by 2030. He argues that AI must play a key role in flipping the traditional clinic model to accommodate the growing patient population.

AI’s Impact on Physician Workloads and Efficiency (00:25:36 – 00:29:38)

The conversation touches on AI’s ability to reduce administrative burdens, such as documentation and coding, but also warns that increased efficiency might lead to higher patient loads rather than reduced physician stress.

Consumer-Driven AI Adoption in Medicine (00:29:38 – 00:34:10)

Kohane predicts that AI-driven medical advancements will initially emerge in boutique, high-end healthcare services before becoming mainstream. He suggests that employer-driven demand for better healthcare services will push AI adoption forward.

Data Liberation and the Future of Patient-Centric Care (00:34:10 – 00:37:08)

Kohane highlights the importance of patient access to healthcare data, referencing Apple’s integration of EHR data into Apple Health. He believes that freeing patient data from legacy hospital systems will lead to personalized and AI-enhanced healthcare experiences.

Closing Thoughts and Fun Questions (00:37:08 – 00:41:30)

The hosts conclude with lighthearted questions, where Kohane shares his love for teaching, his appreciation for Boston’s academic environment, and his wish to master playing a musical instrument. He also expresses interest in hearing insights from leaders in health insurance on how they plan to integrate AI into their business models.