Which verb tense do you need to talk about your life experiences and accomplishments, for example in a job interview? The answer: the present perfect.
The present perfect is easy to construct (if you already know both regular past participles and irregular past participles). The difficulty is not in the construction, but instead in when to use it instead of other verb tenses, like the past simple or the present simple.
Listen to Episode 117 now to learn the three most important situations where you use the present perfect: life experiences, accomplishments and completed work.

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Consonant clusters, for example /bd/, /vd/, and /rdʒd/, are series of consonants pronounced together, without any vowels in them. Consonant clusters are often pronounced so quickly that they seem to be a single sound. You can find consonant clusters in the beginning, middle and end of English words. Consonant clusters at the end of words are critical for understanding and pronouncing the past tense forms of verbs. so everyone clearly understands if the past or present is being spoken of.
Listen to Episode 116 to understand if you already master consonant clusters or need to study them more.
Listening to Episode 65, which discusses voiced and unvoiced sounds, discusses some of the more basic ideas of Episode 116, so consider listening to it first!

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If you want to learn the present perfect, or the passive voice, then you need to learn the past participle, also known as the third form of the verb. And you especially need to learn the irregular past participles! And the reality is that many students don't know the third forms of irregular verbs well.
What can you do to solve these problems? Well, Episode 115 is a great place to start! it will give you the forms you need for a solid base to learn the present perfect and the passive voice.

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