In this illuminating episode of The Deep Dive, we trace the remarkable journey of Naproxen—from its surprising roots in steroid chemistry using Mexican yams to its rise as one of the most familiar over-the-counter pain relievers on the market. We explore how Syntex, a pioneer in hormone synthesis, pivoted to pain relief innovation in the late 1960s, and how that pivot led to the development of a longer-lasting alternative to ibuprofen. Along the way, we uncover the brilliant scientists behind the discovery and examine the chemistry that makes Naproxen both effective and unique, including the critical role of asymmetric synthesis in ensuring its therapeutic power.

But there's much more to Naproxen than just its chemistry. We dig into the evolving regulatory landscape, FDA safety warnings, and the clinical trade-offs that come with NSAID use—from gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risks to special formulations designed to protect the stomach. You'll hear how Naproxen compares with ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and COX-2 inhibitors, and why debates still rage about its safety. We also look at the economics of the drug, its impact on global markets, and its deep cultural imprint—from everyday pain relief to official clinical guidelines. As always, we wrap with a big question: how should we think about these seemingly simple medications in an age of complex health decisions?