Devastating flash floods, fueled by extraordinary rainfall, struck the Texas Hill Country on July 4-5, 2025, resulting in at least 37 confirmed deaths, including 14 children with many people still missing. The floods caused widespread destruction, particularly around the Guadalupe River in Kerr County, and prompted a massive search and rescue operation. A central point of contention has emerged regarding the adequacy of weather forecasts and public warnings, with state and local officials criticizing the National Weather Service (NWS) for a "botched forecast" particularly by the Texas Division of Emergency Management Chief W. Tim Kidd and a perceived lack of urgency, while the NWS defends its actions amidst ongoing staffing and funding concerns. The event highlights the extreme vulnerability of the "flash flood alley" region and raises questions about preparedness for increasingly intense weather events in a warming climate

Key Facts and Figures

• Fatalities: At least 37 people confirmed dead across Texas, including 14 children.
• 32 deaths recovered in Kerr County (18 adults, 14 children).
• At least 3 deaths in Travis County.
• 2 deaths in Burnet County (including a firefighter).
• Missing Persons: As of July 5, 2025, authorities had not released a definitive number of missing beyond "more than two dozen children" from Camp Mystic and "many others." Some reports cited around 25 missing girls from Camp Mystic.
• Impacted Area: Primarily the Texas Hill Country, especially Kerr County, Ingram, and areas along the Guadalupe River. Austin and San Antonio regions also experienced heavy rains.
• Rainfall Amounts:Widespread 10-15 total inches in Kerr County late Thursday into Friday morning.
• Localized LCRA rainfall totals exceeded 18 inches in some places.
• One rain gauge in Mason County reported over 18 inches within 24 hours.
• "Four months of rainfall came down in only four hours" in some areas.
• Estimates of "more than 12 inches (30 centimeters) of rain fell in the Texas Hill Country over a span of several hours early Friday."
• Approximately "1.8 trillion gallons of rain fell over Texas Hill Country and the Edwards Plateau on Friday morning."
• River Levels: The Guadalupe River in Kerrville rose over 30 feet in less than two hours early Friday. In Hunt, it surged from seven feet to 29 feet in only a few hours—its second-greatest height on record.
• Time of Flood: The raging storm hit Camp Mystic "just after midnight Friday," catching many residents, campers, and officials by surprise.
• Rescues: Approximately 850 people had been rescued by July 5.
• Camps Affected: Camp Mystic (Christian summer camp), where most of the dead were recovered, and another camp "just up the road."

Federal Funding and Staffing Concerns at NWS: Underlying the criticism of NWS forecasts are concerns about federal budget cuts and staffing shortages impacting the agency's capabilities.

• The warning coordination meteorologist (WCM) position at the local NWS office (critical for outreach and training) has been vacant since April due to an early retirement package.
• Five other vacancies exist in the local NWS office (another management role, two meteorologists, a hydrologist, and an electronic technician).
• All five living directors of the NWS warned in May that Trump's cuts "leave the nation’s official weather forecasting entity at a significant deficit...Our worst nightmare is that weather forecast offices will be so understaffed that there will be needless loss of life."