In this episode, we dive into a two-part story of intrigue starting from a paradigm shift in understanding of T cell biology because of a mouse model of post-measles encephalopathy, to the eventual recognition of the IL-23/17 immune axis.

• Intro 0:01
• In this episode 0:12
• Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a relatively recent discovery 1:34
• The beginning of TH-17 2:20
• Looking at autoimmune encephalopathy: A story of measles 03:30
• 1790’s woman with post measles inflammatory process in the brain 10:26
• What is causing post-infection encephalitis? 12:00
• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 12:30
• How did we find out the immune system was behind this - The rabies vaccine 13:09
• Similarity between the rabies vaccine and infections like measles 16:04
• T-cell lymphocytes 17:12
• The forgotten thymus 18:00
• What’s the function of T-cells? 19:35
• How do you tell T-cells apart? 21:14
• The Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens Party 24:05
• The godfather of T-cells 24:45
• The TH-1 and TH-2 axis 27:30
• Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model screwed everything up 29:16
• Interferon gamma 32:32
• What’s missing? IL-23 surprise 33:40
• IL-17 in the 1990’s 36:44
• The world is introduced to TH-17 39:12
• Let’s recap what we learned 40:30
• That is the end! 42:30
• Thanks for listening 42:39

We’d love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Brown at rheuminationspodcast@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @HRheuminations @AdamJBrownMD @HealioRheum.

References:

Bashyam H. J Exp Med. 2007;doi:10.1084/jem.2042fta

Bennetto L, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.034256

Berche P. Presse Med. 2022;doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104149

El-behi M, et al. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010;doi:10.1007/s11481-009-9188-9

Gooderham MJ, et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;doi:10.1111/jdv.14868

Hawkes JE, et al. J Immunol. 2018;doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1800013

Rogozynski N, et al. Immunol Lett. 2024;doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106870

Sospedra M, et al. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707

Steinman L. Nat Med. 2007;doi:10.1038/nm1551

Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures.