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This book delves into the Amarna letters, a significant collection of diplomatic communications inscribed on clay tablets during the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt, specifically in the mid-14th century BC. These letters, discovered at el-Amarna—once known as Akhetaten and established by Pharaoh Akhenaten—offer invaluable insights into the interactions between Egyptian officials and their counterparts in Canaan and Amurru. Uniquely, they are composed not in Egyptian hieroglyphs but in cuneiform script, primarily Akkadian, which reflects a blend of local linguistic influences known as ...

The Eye of Horus, also known by its ancient Egyptian names Udjat or Wedjat, stands as one of the most iconic, deeply rooted, and universally recognized symbols of Egyptian mythology. Its profound veneration, originating millennia ago, remarkably persists even into contemporary times, testament to its enduring power and significance. This emblem transcends a simple graphic representation; it embodies a complex and sophisticated synthesis that seamlessly integrates principles of magical protection with intricate arithmetic concepts. At its very essence, the Eye of Horus evokes powerful themes...

“World-renowned archaeologist Zahi Hawass. He is one of the world’s authorities on the Giza pyramids, and has spent his life excavating around the pyramids and the Sphinx. He made major important discoveries such as the tombs of the pyramid builders and the secret doors inside the pyramid of Khufu. Dr. Hawass has received five honorary doctorates from different international universities and was named as one of the Top 100 Most Influential People for the year 2006 by Time Magazine. His adventures around the pyramids have been presented in many TV shows. In this book, you will feel the ...

This dramatic new third edition unveils fresh evidence revealing a hitherto unnoticed connection between a Macedonian funerary sculpture found in the foundations of the Basilica di San Marco (St Marks) in Venice and the sarcophagus of an Egyptian Pharaoh shipped to London from Alexandria in 1801. The previous editions of this book traced the trails of these relics to show that both might have come from Alexander’s tomb in Alexandria. In this extended account, it is demonstrated that the sculptural relief was perfectly fitted to the sarcophagus, a fact hitherto obscured by ancient damage ...

Mediterranean agriculture was born in the fertile Crescent about 10,000 years ago. Among the founding plants of this agriculture are several cereals: barley, wheat and later rye and oats. Barley is undoubtedly the most important cereal in the Neolithic and it was also in Egypt, attested in religious rites. The various types of wheat form a complex group that is still difficult to clarify today. At first the cereals were probably treated in the form of pasta and some of these were fermented. Taking into account that fermentation is a natural process that begins very quickly, the first cooks ...

Explora la Magia y la Historia de los Dioses Egipcios en Este Viaje Fascinante: De Ra a Osiris Bienvenido a un viaje cautivador a través del tiempo, donde los dioses del antiguo Egipto cobran vida en las páginas de "Un Viaje Fascinante a los Dioses de Egipto: De Ra a Osiris". Esta obra no solo desentraña mitos olvidados, sino que también sumerge al lector en los aspectos mágicos y misteriosos de una cultura rica y ancestral. Antes de adentrarnos en la rica mitología que cautivó a una civilización milenaria, es crucial entender el contexto histórico que dio forma a estas creencias ...

“Pharaoh Amenhotep IV changed the name to Akhenaten in honor of the god Aten. After his death his name was erased from the lists of kings, all his monuments, all his symbols were destroyed to erase his memory. In modern times, his epigraphs dating back to the time of Amarna (Akhetaten)( 2) were rediscovered, and it became clear that Akhenaten had carried out an unprecedented religious reform. He had destroyed the symbols of Egyptian polytheism, replacing them with a monotheistic cult of a new god of light, which he called “Aten”. The theology to which it was inspired was that of the ...

This book delves into the intriguing concept of the Henmemet, a group known as the “Sun-Folk,” as referenced in ancient Egyptian texts. The Henmemet are depicted as celestial beings, distinct from the Egyptians in various aspects including language, physical characteristics, and mannerisms. Their existence is documented in significant works such as the Pyramid Texts, the Book of the Dead, and the Book of Amduat, indicating that these beings held a notable place within ancient Egyptian cosmology. The narrative explores how these ethereal entities were perceived by ancient Egyptians and ...

In the Egyptian desert west of Ancient Thebes, a little south of the famous Valley of the Kings, lies the lesser known Valley of the Queens, final and secret home for the wives of New Kingdom Pharaohs. These tombs were cut into the rock in a similar fashion to those of their husbands, on a smaller scale. Although most tourists to Egypt miss them, the tombs of the Queens contain art of great beauty, including fascinating glimpses of the styles of noble women in the Court of the Pharaoh.

Since the beginning of Egyptian history, beer has revealed its importance on funerary steles. Before all other foods, the deceased wished to have bread and beer in his afterlife. Since it could be forgotten by posterity in the funerary cult, the owner of the tomb had a funerary stele painted on which prayers and food were written: pronouncing them became a reality and survival in the afterlife was guaranteed.